Assignment: Education Plaining & Management
Topic: Solution of the problems which hider to reach the 2030 VISION
Submitted by: Asma-e-Bibi Kartio
Name of Faculty: Mr. Abdul Razzaq Memon
It is mandated in the Constitution of Pakistan to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of 5-16 years and enhance adult literacy rate. Regarding this the year 2015 was important in the context that it marked the deadline for the participants of Dakar declaration (Education For All [EFA] commitment) including Pakistan. Education related statistics coupled with Pakistan’s progress regarding education targets set in Vision 2030 and Pakistan’s lagging behind in achieving EFA targets and its Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) for education calls for an analysis of the education system of Pakistan and to look into the issues and problems it is facing so that workable solutions could be recommended. Prior to that it is necessary to understand the education system of Pakistan in proper way so the problems and their solution could be sorted regarding the native conditions of the country.
The system of education includes all institutions that are involved in delivering formal education (public and private, for-profit and non-profit, onsite or virtual instruction) and their faculties, students, physical infrastructure, resources and rules. In a broader definition the system also includes the institutions that are directly involved in financing, managing, operating or regulating such institutions (like government ministries and regulatory bodies, central testing organizations, textbook boards and accreditation boards). The rules and regulations that guide the individual and institutional interactions within the set up are also part of the education system.
- The education system of Pakistan is comprised of
- 260,903 institutions
- 41,018,384 students
- 1,535,461 teachers.
- The system includes
- 180,846 public institutions
- 80,057 private institutions.
- Hence 31% educational institutes are run by private sector
- While 69% are public institutes.
Pakistan has expressed its commitment to promote education and literacy in the country by education policies at domestic level and getting involved into international commitments on education. In this regard national education policies are the visions which suggest strategies to increase literacy rate, capacity building, and enhance facilities in the schools and educational institutes. MDGs and EFA programmes are global commitments of Pakistan for the promotion of literacy.
A review of the education system of Pakistan suggested that there had been little changes in Pakistan’s schools since 2010, when the 18th Amendment enshrined education as a fundamental human right in the constitution. Problems of access, quality, infrastructure and inequality of opportunity, remain endemic.
Due to the problems in education system of Pakistan, the country has lagged behind in achieving its goals under different education programmes, which were funded by different international organisations. The current one which is under process to be achieved is VISION-2030.
- Increasing public expenditure on education and skills generation from 2.7% of GDP to 5% by 2010 and 7% by 2015
- Re-introduce the technical and vocational stream in the last two years of secondary schools.
- Gradually increase vocational and technical education numbers to 25-30% of all secondary enrolment by 2015 and 50 per cent by 2030.
- Enhance the scale and quality of education in general and the scale and quality of scientific/technical education in Pakistan in particular.
But as alike previous programmes this program is also facing critical problems which are and will be a big hindrance in the achievement of the VISION-2030. The few/main problems among those the study outlines seven major problems such as:
- Lack of proper planning
- Social constraints
- Gender gap
- Cost of education
- War on terror
- Funds for education
- Technical education
Pakistan is a signatory to MDGs and EFA goals. However it seems that it will not be able to achieve these international commitments because of financial management issues and constraints to achieve the MDGs and EFA goals. The lack of planning in the education sector of Pakistan can be handled by hiring the best native masters and experts, who may re-plan the working plan regarding the vision 2030 on the ground realities. This may get implemented without any hesitation in the sector and get approved by the evaluators.
It is the social force which limits or stops from doing what we want to do. And it is important to realize that the problems which hinder the provision of education are not just due to issues of management by government but some of them are deeply rooted in the social and cultural orientation of the people. Overcoming not only first one but the latter one too is difficult and would require a change in attitude of the people, until then universal primary education is difficult to achieve. For that purpose social awareness programs are arranged so that people may not hesitate to move toward positive change.
It is the discrepancy in opportunities, status, attitudes, etc., between men and women. Major factors that hinder enrolment rates of girls include poverty, cultural constraints, illiteracy of parents and parental concerns about safety and mobility of their daughters. Society’s emphasis on girl’s modesty, protection and early marriages may limit family’s willingness to send them to school. Enrolment of rural girls is 45% lower than that of urban girls; while for boys the difference is 10% only, showing that gender gap is an important factor. For solving this issue the major step is only and only education when the parents will be educated then the kids whether girl child or boy will must get educated. And family awareness programs, motivation and the reward for giving education to the girl child can be set to enhance the female literacy rate.
The economic cost is higher in private schools, but these are located in richer settlements only. The paradox is that private schools are better but not everywhere and government schools ensure equitable access but do not provide quality education. To get solution of this problem it is necessary to be ensured that the trained, qualified and the sincere personnel work in the government schools. Who may improve the quality of education in the government institutes. In addition to this the parent-teacher committees must be established region or school vies, which must keep check-and-balance of the performance of not only the teachers but also of the students too. So the children will be able to get quality education free of cost.
The name given to the actions and other measures taken by the US, Britain, and other countries to destroy international terrorist groups, especially al-Qaeda after the attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon on September 11th, 2001. The actions taken include the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. But mainly Pakistan’s engagement in war against terrorism also affected the promotion of literacy campaign. The militants targeted schools and students; several educational institutions were blown up, teachers and students were killed in Balochistan, KPK and FATA. The threats were given many times in the educational institutes of Sindh. This may have to contribute not as much as other factors, but this remains an important factor. To overcome this problem which has direct impact on the performance of the students, it is necessary the required security must be provided in the schools.
A fund that supplies money for a child’s education. Pakistan spends 2.4% GDP on education. At national level, 89% education expenditure comprises of current expenses such as teachers’ salaries, while only 11% comprises of development expenditure which is not sufficient to raise quality of education. Therefore the first and fore-most step toward this problem is to make sure whatever the amount currently is funded in education sector must be utilized at the right place. So the remaining needed amount could be asked as help from the INGOs.
Career and technical education is a term applied to schools, institutions, and educational programs that specialize in the skilled trades, applied sciences, modern technologies, and career preparation. It was formerly (and is still commonly) called vocational education.
Sufficient attention has not been paid to the technical and vocational education in Pakistan. The number of technical and vocational training institutes is not sufficient and many are deprived of infrastructure, teachers and tools for training. The population of a state is one of the main elements of its national power. It can become an asset once it is skilled.
Unskilled population means more jobless people in the country, which affects the national development negatively. Therefore, technical education needs priority handling by the government. The first main point here comes is that mostly local people remain un-aware of the vocational or the technical institutes in the region that is why the wiling ones could not reach the required place.
Second one, these way of teaching at these types of institutes is too much dry (not much interest creating). That is why the enrolled students do not take much interest toward it, and by seeming them the interested ones step back and the enrolment remain low. So to increase the number of enrolment at the technical schools it is necessary that the efforts must be taken to make these courses a bit interesting.
Poverty, law and order situation, natural disasters, budgetary constraints, lack of access are also main reasons behind the low enrolment at the technical institutes.
Therefore it should be the first priority of the authorities and the responsible ones to make sure the above stated problems is solved at much level. So at-least the VISION-2030 might be achieved more than the 75%.
Topic: Solution of the problems which hider to reach the 2030 VISION
Submitted by: Asma-e-Bibi Kartio
Name of Faculty: Mr. Abdul Razzaq Memon
Introduction;
It is mandated in the Constitution of Pakistan to provide free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of 5-16 years and enhance adult literacy rate. Regarding this the year 2015 was important in the context that it marked the deadline for the participants of Dakar declaration (Education For All [EFA] commitment) including Pakistan. Education related statistics coupled with Pakistan’s progress regarding education targets set in Vision 2030 and Pakistan’s lagging behind in achieving EFA targets and its Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) for education calls for an analysis of the education system of Pakistan and to look into the issues and problems it is facing so that workable solutions could be recommended. Prior to that it is necessary to understand the education system of Pakistan in proper way so the problems and their solution could be sorted regarding the native conditions of the country.
Education System;
The system of education includes all institutions that are involved in delivering formal education (public and private, for-profit and non-profit, onsite or virtual instruction) and their faculties, students, physical infrastructure, resources and rules. In a broader definition the system also includes the institutions that are directly involved in financing, managing, operating or regulating such institutions (like government ministries and regulatory bodies, central testing organizations, textbook boards and accreditation boards). The rules and regulations that guide the individual and institutional interactions within the set up are also part of the education system.
Education system of Pakistan:
- The education system of Pakistan is comprised of
- 260,903 institutions
- 41,018,384 students
- 1,535,461 teachers.
- The system includes
- 180,846 public institutions
- 80,057 private institutions.
- Hence 31% educational institutes are run by private sector
- While 69% are public institutes.
Analysis of education system in Pakistan;
Pakistan has expressed its commitment to promote education and literacy in the country by education policies at domestic level and getting involved into international commitments on education. In this regard national education policies are the visions which suggest strategies to increase literacy rate, capacity building, and enhance facilities in the schools and educational institutes. MDGs and EFA programmes are global commitments of Pakistan for the promotion of literacy.
A review of the education system of Pakistan suggested that there had been little changes in Pakistan’s schools since 2010, when the 18th Amendment enshrined education as a fundamental human right in the constitution. Problems of access, quality, infrastructure and inequality of opportunity, remain endemic.
Due to the problems in education system of Pakistan, the country has lagged behind in achieving its goals under different education programmes, which were funded by different international organisations. The current one which is under process to be achieved is VISION-2030.
C. Vision 2030;
Vision 2030 of Planning Commission of Pakistan looks for an academic environment which promotes the thinking mind. The goal under Vision 2030 is one curriculum and one national examination system under state responsibility. The strategies charted out to achieve the goal included:- Increasing public expenditure on education and skills generation from 2.7% of GDP to 5% by 2010 and 7% by 2015
- Re-introduce the technical and vocational stream in the last two years of secondary schools.
- Gradually increase vocational and technical education numbers to 25-30% of all secondary enrolment by 2015 and 50 per cent by 2030.
- Enhance the scale and quality of education in general and the scale and quality of scientific/technical education in Pakistan in particular.
But as alike previous programmes this program is also facing critical problems which are and will be a big hindrance in the achievement of the VISION-2030. The few/main problems among those the study outlines seven major problems such as:
- Lack of proper planning
- Social constraints
- Gender gap
- Cost of education
- War on terror
- Funds for education
- Technical education
1) Lack of Proper Planning:
Pakistan is a signatory to MDGs and EFA goals. However it seems that it will not be able to achieve these international commitments because of financial management issues and constraints to achieve the MDGs and EFA goals. The lack of planning in the education sector of Pakistan can be handled by hiring the best native masters and experts, who may re-plan the working plan regarding the vision 2030 on the ground realities. This may get implemented without any hesitation in the sector and get approved by the evaluators.
2) Social constraints:
It is the social force which limits or stops from doing what we want to do. And it is important to realize that the problems which hinder the provision of education are not just due to issues of management by government but some of them are deeply rooted in the social and cultural orientation of the people. Overcoming not only first one but the latter one too is difficult and would require a change in attitude of the people, until then universal primary education is difficult to achieve. For that purpose social awareness programs are arranged so that people may not hesitate to move toward positive change.
3) Gender gap:
It is the discrepancy in opportunities, status, attitudes, etc., between men and women. Major factors that hinder enrolment rates of girls include poverty, cultural constraints, illiteracy of parents and parental concerns about safety and mobility of their daughters. Society’s emphasis on girl’s modesty, protection and early marriages may limit family’s willingness to send them to school. Enrolment of rural girls is 45% lower than that of urban girls; while for boys the difference is 10% only, showing that gender gap is an important factor. For solving this issue the major step is only and only education when the parents will be educated then the kids whether girl child or boy will must get educated. And family awareness programs, motivation and the reward for giving education to the girl child can be set to enhance the female literacy rate.
4) Cost of education:
The economic cost is higher in private schools, but these are located in richer settlements only. The paradox is that private schools are better but not everywhere and government schools ensure equitable access but do not provide quality education. To get solution of this problem it is necessary to be ensured that the trained, qualified and the sincere personnel work in the government schools. Who may improve the quality of education in the government institutes. In addition to this the parent-teacher committees must be established region or school vies, which must keep check-and-balance of the performance of not only the teachers but also of the students too. So the children will be able to get quality education free of cost.
5) War on Terror:
The name given to the actions and other measures taken by the US, Britain, and other countries to destroy international terrorist groups, especially al-Qaeda after the attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon on September 11th, 2001. The actions taken include the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. But mainly Pakistan’s engagement in war against terrorism also affected the promotion of literacy campaign. The militants targeted schools and students; several educational institutions were blown up, teachers and students were killed in Balochistan, KPK and FATA. The threats were given many times in the educational institutes of Sindh. This may have to contribute not as much as other factors, but this remains an important factor. To overcome this problem which has direct impact on the performance of the students, it is necessary the required security must be provided in the schools.
6) Funds for Education:
A fund that supplies money for a child’s education. Pakistan spends 2.4% GDP on education. At national level, 89% education expenditure comprises of current expenses such as teachers’ salaries, while only 11% comprises of development expenditure which is not sufficient to raise quality of education. Therefore the first and fore-most step toward this problem is to make sure whatever the amount currently is funded in education sector must be utilized at the right place. So the remaining needed amount could be asked as help from the INGOs.
7) Technical Education:
Career and technical education is a term applied to schools, institutions, and educational programs that specialize in the skilled trades, applied sciences, modern technologies, and career preparation. It was formerly (and is still commonly) called vocational education.
Sufficient attention has not been paid to the technical and vocational education in Pakistan. The number of technical and vocational training institutes is not sufficient and many are deprived of infrastructure, teachers and tools for training. The population of a state is one of the main elements of its national power. It can become an asset once it is skilled.
Unskilled population means more jobless people in the country, which affects the national development negatively. Therefore, technical education needs priority handling by the government. The first main point here comes is that mostly local people remain un-aware of the vocational or the technical institutes in the region that is why the wiling ones could not reach the required place.
Second one, these way of teaching at these types of institutes is too much dry (not much interest creating). That is why the enrolled students do not take much interest toward it, and by seeming them the interested ones step back and the enrolment remain low. So to increase the number of enrolment at the technical schools it is necessary that the efforts must be taken to make these courses a bit interesting.
Poverty, law and order situation, natural disasters, budgetary constraints, lack of access are also main reasons behind the low enrolment at the technical institutes.
Therefore it should be the first priority of the authorities and the responsible ones to make sure the above stated problems is solved at much level. So at-least the VISION-2030 might be achieved more than the 75%.